Multiplication with a scalar

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A matrix is multiplied with a scalar by multiplying all the components with the scalar. The result is again a matrix:


c \cdot \mathbf{A}=c\cdot\left[
\begin{array}{ccc}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{array}\right]=
\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
c\cdot a_{11} & c\cdot a_{12} & c\cdot a_{13}\\
c\cdot a_{21} & c\cdot a_{22} & c\cdot a_{23}\\
c\cdot a_{31} & c\cdot a_{32} & c\cdot a_{33}
\end{array}\right]